The White House Social Calendar, a regular column in the newspapers of the national capital, reported in small print that on October 16, 1901, Booker T. Washington had been President Theodore Roosevelt's guest at dinner. Overnight, the dinner became a sensation. The southern newspapers, ever since Washington's famous Atlanta Compromise address in 1895, had held him up as an example of "the good negro," the very model of discretion, the man who had promised that black and white people could remain "as separate as the fingers, yet one as the hand in all things essential to mutual progress." Now they felt betrayed, and vied with each other in frothing denunciation of both Washington and Roosevelt. The level of white supremacy rhetoric in the South had risen steadily over the preceding decade of lynching and disfranchisement, but the southern press and political leaders abandoned all restraint now, and the cry from Dixie resembled the howl of the mob. Men who had never supported Roosevelt swore that they would never vote for him again. As for Washington, they would never trust him again.
-Louis R. Harlan, Booker T. Washington: The Wizard of Tuskegee, 1901-1915
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